Adding a "Shaking" Effect to Login Popovers for a Visual Error Cue

Sometimes, subtle design elements can make a huge difference in user experience. Instead of displaying traditional error messages, a "shaking" effect on a login popover provides a clear and immediate indication that something went wrong. This tutorial will guide you through implementing this functionality using vanilla JavaScript, CSS animations, and the open-source library Tippy.js.

Our objective is to:

1. Create a login popover with Tippy.js.
2. Add the "shaking" effect when errors occur.
3. Automatically reset the animation once the shake ends.

Let’s dive in!

Part 1: Setting Up the Shaking Animation with CSS

We’ll start by defining a reusable CSS animation for the shake effect. The @keyframes rule below mimics a side-to-side shake:

@keyframes shaking {
	10%, 90% { transform: translate3d(-1px, 0, 0); }
	20%, 80% { transform: translate3d(2px, 0, 0); }
	30%, 50%, 70% { transform: translate3d(-4px, 0, 0); }
	40%, 60% { transform: translate3d(4px, 0, 0); }
}
.shake {
	animation: shaking 0.82s cubic-bezier(.36,.07,.19,.97) both;
}

• Keyframe Details: The translate3d property moves the popover slightly to the left and right to create the shaking effect.
• Reusable Class: Applying the shake class to any element triggers the animation.

Part 2: Creating the Login Popover with Tippy.js

We’ll use Tippy.js to create a clickable login popover. The popover will include:

• An email input field.
• A "Sign In" button.
• Event listeners to handle sign-in logic and the shake effect.

Here’s the core JavaScript for setting up the popover:

Step 1: The Sign-In Class

APP.Signin = class {
	constructor($target) {
		this.values = {}; // Store any required state
		if ($target) this.$target = $target; // The DOM element triggering the popover
		this.init(); // Initialize the popover
		return this;
	}

	// Trigger the shake animation
	shake() {
		this.$tippy.classList.add('shake');
		return this;
	}

	// Handle Sign-In button clicks
	onSigninClicked(event) {
		event.preventDefault();

		// Retrieve the entered email
		let email = document.querySelector('.app-signin-email').value;

		// Error and success handlers
		let _onError = () => this.shake();
		let _onSuccess = (response) => {
			if (response.errors.length) {
				this.shake(); // Shake on error
			} else {
				// Handle successful login
				console.log('Login successful!');
			}
		};

		// Simulate a backend login request
		let form_data = new FormData();
		form_data.append('method', 'quickSignIn');
		form_data.append('email', email);

		axios({
			method: 'POST',
			url: 'path/to/server',
			data: form_data,
			headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8' },
		})
			.then((response) => (typeof response.data === 'string' ? JSON.parse(response.data) : response.data))
			.then(_onSuccess)
			.catch(_onError);
	}

	// Define the HTML content of the popover
	getContent() {
		return `
			<div class="app-signin">
				<label class="form-label app-signin-form-elm app-signin-label">Account Email</label>
				<input type="text" class="app-signin-form-elm app-signin-input app-signin-email" value="" placeholder="e.g., jdoe@email.com">
				<a href="#" class="app-signin-form-elm app-signin-btn">Sign In</a>										
			</div>
		`;
	}

	// Initialize the popover
	init() {
		let $content = this.getContent();

		if (this.$target) {
			tippy(this.$target, {
				content: $content,
				allowHTML: true,
				trigger: 'click',
				hideOnClick: true,
				interactive: true,
				arrow: true,
				animation: 'scale',
				placement: 'bottom',
				theme: 'white',
				offset: [0, 15],
				onMount: () => {
					this.$tippy = document.querySelector('.tippy-box'); // The popover box
					this.$content = document.querySelector('.app-signin');
					this.$signin_btn = document.querySelector('.app-signin-btn');
					this.$email = document.querySelector('.app-signin-email');

					// Add event listeners
					this.$signin_btn.addEventListener('click', this.onSigninClicked.bind(this));
					this.$email.addEventListener('keypress', (event) => {
						if (event.key === 'Enter') {
							event.preventDefault();
							this.$signin_btn.click();
						}
					});

					// Remove the shake class after animation ends
					this.$tippy.addEventListener('animationend', () => {
						this.$tippy.classList.remove('shake');
					});

					this.$email.focus(); // Auto-focus on the email input
				},
			});
		}
	}
};

// Initialize the Sign-In popover on page load
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
	new APP.Signin(document.querySelector('.app-header-control-signin'));
});

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Part 3: Wiring It All Together

Simulated Backend: If you don’t have a real server, mock responses with a promise:

const mockServer = (email) =>
    new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
            if (email === 'test@email.com') resolve({ errors: [] });
            else reject({ errors: ['Invalid email'] });
        }, 500);
    });

CSS for the Popover: Ensure the popover matches your design. Here’s a simple setup:

.app-signin {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.app-signin-email {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 10px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.app-signin-btn {
    background-color: #007bff;
    color: white;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 10px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.app-signin-btn:hover {
    background-color: #0056b3;
}

HTML Trigger Element: Add a trigger element to your HTML:

<button class="app-header-control-signin">Sign In</button>

Part 4: Test the Shaking Effect

1. Click the Sign In button to open the popover.
2. Enter an invalid email and submit. Watch the popover shake, indicating an error.
3. Enter a valid email and see no shaking—success!

Conclusion: A User-Friendly Error Cue

The shaking effect enhances user experience by offering a clear, intuitive error indicator without cluttering the UI with extra messages. Combined with Tippy.js for a sleek popover and vanilla JS for interactivity, this setup is clean, functional, and visually appealing.

Keep experimenting and tweaking—because great UX is all about the details!

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